Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo- Part-1- Applied Vestibular Anatomy and Physiology

Course Overview

Course Description 

This lecture series provides an in-depth exploration of the vestibular system, focusing on its anatomical structures and physiological mechanisms essential for maintaining balance and spatial orientation. Understanding the vestibular system is crucial for diagnosing and managing vestibular disorders such as Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV), which is one of the most common causes of dizziness.

Part 1 of this series lays the groundwork by covering the applied anatomy and physiology of the vestibular system. It explains how different components of the inner ear contribute to detecting head movements and maintaining equilibrium. Special emphasis is placed on the semicircular canals, otolith organs, and hair cells, as these structures play a vital role in vestibular function.

Chapters & Learning Objectives

Chapter 1: Introduction and Anatomy of Inner Ear

: 00:14 Hour

This chapter provides an overview of the inner ear’s anatomy, highlighting its crucial role in both hearing and balance. The inner ear consists of the cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals, which work together to process sound and detect motion. The chapter explores the vestibular labyrinth, a network of interconnected chambers filled with fluid, where sensory receptors detect changes in head position and motion.

Chapter 2: Anatomy and Physiology of Semicircular Canals

: 00:20 Hour

In this chapter, Dr. Parijat Kumar, our US-Expert, explains the semicircular canals, their anatomical structure, and their role in detecting rotational head movements. Using real-life props, Dr. Kumar visually demonstrates the function of these canals, making complex vestibular concepts easier to grasp. The chapter covers endolymph flow, cupula movement, and hair cell activation, explaining how the semicircular canals contribute to balance and spatial orientation. This hands-on demonstration enhances conceptual understanding, helping viewers connect theory to real-world applications.

Chapter 3: Dehiscent Superior Semicircular Canal (SSC), Otolith Organs & Otoconia

: 00:08 Hour

This chapter explores the Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence (SSCD), a condition caused by a thinning or absence of bone over the superior semicircular canal, leading to sound- and pressure-induced dizziness. It also covers the otolith organs (utricle and saccule), responsible for detecting linear acceleration and head tilts, and the role of otoconia (ear crystals) in maintaining balance. The discussion highlights how displaced otoconia can lead to Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV). Understanding these structures is crucial for diagnosing and managing vestibular disorders effectively.

Chapter 4: Physiology – Mechanism of Hair Cell Activation

: 00:15 Hour

This chapter explains the mechanism of hair cell activation, which is crucial for converting mechanical head movements into neural signals for balance and spatial orientation. It covers the structure of hair cells in the semicircular canals and otolith organs, detailing how stereocilia movement leads to either excitation or inhibition of nerve signals. The chapter also explores the role of endolymph flow, ion channel activation, and neurotransmitter release in vestibular function. Understanding this process is essential for diagnosing vestibular disorders like BPPV, Meniere’s disease, and vestibular neuritis.